tenses , pasif aktif

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE Sesuatu yang terjadi terus menerus, selalu atau biasa terjadi 1. Pola Kalimat Kalimat Berkata Kerja (+) Subject+Verb 1 (s/es)+Object (-) Subject+do/does not+V1 (?) Do/does+Subject+V1 Kalimat Tidak Berkata Kerja (+) Subject+to be+noun, adjective, adverb (-) Subject+to be+not+noun, adjective, adverb (?) To be+Subject+noun, adjective, adverb Contoh Kalimat I work in the office He catches a bird We are happy everytime Kegunaan Simple present tense melukiskan: Kejadian, kegiatan, atau peristiwa yang berulang atau kebiasaan yang dilakukan seseorang atau sekelompok orang. Penggunaan tenses ini biasanya dilengkapi dengan adverb of frequency : always, often, usually, never, seldom, sometime, generally, normally, occasionally, hardly, rarely. Tense ini biasa dilengkapi dengan adverb of time: every day, every week, every morning, once a week, twice a day, three times a year, weekly, monthly. Menyatakan kebenaran umum. Menyatakan agenda harian, mingguan, tahunan. Kenyataan sekarang. Perintah atau suruhan. 2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE Sesuatu yang terjadi atau berlangsung pada saat dibicarakan 1. Pola Kalimat (+) Subject+to be (is/am/are)+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb (-) Subject+to be+not+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb (?) To be+subject+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb Contoh Kalimat a, She is singing at the zoo b. I am studying English Kegunaan a. Menunjukkan suatu kejadian, kegiatan, atau peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung ketika si penutur sedang berbicara. Tense ini biasanya diiringi adverb of time: now, at present, at this moment, right now. b. Pengulangan suatu tindakan yang sama. c. Tindakan yang akan segera dilakukan terutama menyangkut kata kerja gerak: go, come, do, walk, swim, run 3. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE Sesuatu yang terjadi pada waktu lampau dan masih ada hubungannya dengan sekarang. Akibat-akibat kejadian itu masih terasa atau masih ada sisa-sisa bekas kejadian yang belum lama terjadi 1. Pola Kalimat (+) Subject+have/has+been/Verb-3+object, adjective, adverb (-) Subject+have/has+not+been/V-3+object, adjective, adverb (?) Have/has+Subject+V-3+object, adjective, adverb 2. Contoh Kalimat a. I have painted this house b. She has eaten some food in dining room Kegunaan a. Sesuatu yang telah sempurna dilakukan pada saat diucapkan atau kejadian yang baru saja terjadi dan akibatnya masih dapat dirasakan sampai sekarang. Kata keterangan yang sering disisipkan di antaranya: just, already, once, yet, not yet, since b. Menyatakan sesuatu pengalaman c. Menyatakan sesuatu yang telah dimulai dari titik waktu atau selama waktu tertentu dan masih berlanjut hingga sekarang. Biasanya ada keterangan since dan for PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE Sesuatu kejadian yang telah terjadi dan mulai dari masa lampau dan masih berlangsung sampai saat ini 1. Pola Kalimat (+) Subject+have/has+been+Verb-ing+object, adjective, adverb (-) Subject+have/has+not+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb (?) Have/has+been+Subject+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb 2. Contoh Kalimat a. They have been sleeping since ten until now. b. She has been working in the workshop Kegunaan a. Untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang masih berlangsung sampai saat ini (berawal dari satu titik waktu di masa lampau dan berlanjut terus hingga sekarang). Biasanya disisipi keterangan since, for, since…until. b. Untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang belum lama terjadi SIMPLE PAST TENSE Situasi atau satu kejadian yang terjadi pada titik waktu di masa lampau 1. Pola Kalimat (+) Subject+Verb-2+ object, adjective, adverb (-) Subject+did not+V-1+object, adjective, adverb (?) Did+Subject+Verb-1+object, adjective, adverb 2. Contoh Kalimat 1. We stopped the bus at the bus stop yesterday 2. She wrote letter all day yesterday Kegunaan Menunjukan suatu kegiatan yang dilakukan pada waktu tertetu di masa lampau. Tense ini biasanya diiringi kata keterangan waktu: yesterday, last week, last month, a week ago. Untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang hanya terjadi satu kali di masa lampau Menyatakan suatu kejadian yang dilakukan berulang-ulang di masa lampau PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE Situasi yang sedang terjadi pada waktu lampau 1. Pola Kalimat (+) Subject+be (was/were)+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb (-) Subject+was/were+not+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb (?) Was/were+Subject+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb Kegunaan a. Menunjukkan kegiatan, kejadian yang sedang berlangsung di masa lampau ketika suatu kejadian, kegiatan, atau peristiwa lain terjadi b. Untuk menunjukkan kejadian yang sedang terjadi di masa lampau 7. PAST PERFECT TENSE Sesuatu yang sudah terjadi, sebelum kejadian lain terjadi pada waktu lampau 1. Pola Kalimat (+) Subject+had+been/V-3+object, adjective, adverb (-) Subject+had+not+been/V-3+object, adjective, adverb (?) Had+subject+V-3+object, adjective, adverb Kegunaan a. Menunjukkan suatu kegiatan yang sudah dituntaskan di masa lampau sebelum suatu kegiatan lain terjadi b. Menunjukkan suatu kegiatan yang telah selesai dalam waktu tertentu di masa yang telah lalu 8. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE Suatu kejadian yang sangat lama, dan masih ada hubungannya dengan saat tertentu pada waktu lampau 1. Pola Kalimat (+) Subject+had+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb (-) Subject+had+not+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb (?) Had+subject+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb 2. Kegunaan a. Menunjukkan suatu peristiwa yang masih berlangsung atau terjadi dalam satu jangka waktu tertentu di masa lampau b. Membicarakan sesuatu yang kejadiannya berlangsung sangat lama, dan masih ada hubungannya dengan satu tertentu di masa lampau c. Membicarakan lama berlangsungnya dari suatu kejadian sebelum suatu kejadian yang lain terjadi di masa lampau 9. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE Suatu kegiatan yang akan dilakukan atau peristiwa yang mungkin atau akan terjadi 1. Pola Kalimat (+) Subject+will/shall+be/Verb-1+object, adjective, adverb (-) Subject+will/shall+not+be/Verb-1+object, adjective, adverb (?) Will/shall+Subject+be/V-1+object, adjective, adverb 2. Kegunaan a. Menunjukkan suatu kegiatan yang akan terjadi atau mungkin akan dilakukan di masa yang akan datang b. Membicarakan sesuatu yang akan dilakukan pada saat berbicara c. Menawarkan sesuatu d. Menjanjikan sesuatu e. Menyetujui atau menolak sesuatu f. Meminta seseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu 10. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE Suatu kejadian yang sedang berlangsung pada titik waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang 1. Pola Kalimat (+) Subject+will/shall+be+Verb-ing+object, adjective, adverb (-) Subject+will/shall+not+be+Verb-1+object, adjective, adverb (?) Will/shall+Subject+be+V-1+object, adjective, adverb 2. Kegunaan Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang sedang berlangsug atau terjadi pada titik waktu tertentu di masa depan. This time next week I will be shopping in Malaysia By two o’clock next Sunday I will be playing golf 11. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE Suatu kejadian yang diperkirakan tuntas di masa yang akan dating 1. Pola Kalimat (+) Subject+will/shall+have+V-3+object, adjective, adverb (-) Subject+will/shall+not+have+Verb-3+object, adjective, adverb (?) Will/shall+Subject+have+V-3+object, adjective, adverb 2. Kegunaan Untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang direncanakan telah tuntas atau dituntaskan di masa yang akan datang. Kata keterangan yang digunakan misalnya: by then, by that time, in five hours, in six years The Congress will have been over by two o’clock tomorrow By the end of this month we shall have arrived I London 12. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE Suatu kejadian yang diperkirakan masih berlangsung di masa yang akan datang 1. Pola Kalimat (+) Subject+will/shall+have+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb (-) Subject+will/shall+not+have+been+Verb-ing+object, adj, adverb (?) Will/shall+Subject+have+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb 2. Kegunaan Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kajadian atau peristiwa yang masih berlangsung dalam jangka waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang 13. PAST FUTURE TENSE 1. Pola Kalimat (+) Subject+should/would+Verb-1 (-) Subject+should/would+not+V-1 (?) Would/should+Subject+V-1 2. Contoh Kalimat I would buy a new house You would get wet If I were you, I wouldn’t do that 14. PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE 1. Pola Kalimat (+) Subject+should/would+be+Verb-ing (-) Subject+should/would+not+V-1 (?) Would/should+Subject+V-1 2. Contoh Kalimat I would be playing football 15. PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE 1. Pola Kalimat (+) Subject+should/would+have+Verb-3 (-) Subject+should/would+not+V-1 (?) Would/should+Subject+V-1 2. Contoh Kalimat If I had worked harder I would have passed the exam If I hadn’t helped you, you would have failed 16. PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE 1. Pola Kalimat (+) Subject+should/would+have+been+Verb-ing (-) Subject+should/would+not+V-1 (?) Would/should+Subject+V-1 2. Contoh Kalimat I would have been learning English pasif aktif POLA KALIMAT PASIF 1. Simple Present Tense Aktif S + V1 + O Pasif S + is/am/are + V3 + …. Contoh : A : He writes the letter carefully. P : The letter is written carefully. A : He writes the letters carefully. P : The letters are written carefully. 2. Simple Past Tense Aktif S + V2 + O Pasif S + was/were + V3 + …. Contoh : A : He wrote the letter carefully. P : The letter was written carefully. A : He wrote the letters carefully. P : The letters were written carefully. 3. Present Continuous Tense Aktif S + is/am/are + V-ing + O Pasif S + is/am/are + being + V3 + … Contoh : A : He is writing the letter carefully. P : The letter is being written carefully. A : He is writing the letters carefully. P : The letters are being written carefully. 4. Past Continuous Tense Aktif S + was/were + V-ing + O Pasif S + was/were + being + V3 + … Contoh : A : He was writing the letter carefully. P : The letter was being written carefully. A: He was writing the letter carefully P: The letter Were being written carefully 5. Present Perfect Tense Aktif S + has/have + V3 + O Pasif S + has/have + been + V3 + … Contoh : A : He has written the letter carefully. P : The letter has been written carefully. A : He has written the letters carefully. P : The letters have been written carefully. 6. Past Perfect Tense Aktif S + had + V3 + O Pasif S + had + been + V3 + … Contoh : A : He had written the letter carefully. P : The letter had been written carefully. A : He had written the letters carefully. P : The letters had been written carefully. 7. Present Perfect Continuous Tense Aktif S + has/have + been + V-ing + O Pasif S + has/have + been + being + V3 + … Contoh : A : He has been writing the letter carefully. P : The letter has been being written carefully. A : He has been writing the letters carefully. P : The letters have been being written carefully. 8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense Aktif S + had + been + V-ing + O Pasif S + had + been + being + V3 + … Contoh : A : He had been writing the letter carefully. P : The letter had been being written carefully. A : He had been writing the letters carefully. P : The letters had been being written carefully. 9. Simple Future Tense Aktif S + will/shall +V1 + O Pasif S + will/shall + be + V3 + … Contoh : A : I will write the letter carefully. P : The letter will be written carefully. A : I will write the letters carefully. P : The letters will be written carefully. 10. Past Future Tense Aktif S + would/should +V1 + O Pasif S + would/should + be + V3 + … Contoh : A : I would write the letter carefully. P : The letter would be written carefully. A : I would write the letters carefully. P : The letters would be written carefully. 11. Future Perfect Tense Aktif S + will/shall + have + V3 + O Pasif S + will/shall + have + been + V3 + … Contoh : A : We will have write the letter carefully. P : The letter will have been written carefully. A : We will have write the letters carefully. P : The letters will been written carefully.